Coastal wetland in South China： Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands＇ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

氧同位素：追踪陆架海沿岸水团变化的良好标志

对于陆架海而言除了冰体积效应,温度效应外,还有由于大陆淡水注入引起的,使δ＾１８Ｏ值负向偏移的效应,而且在低海平面时期,当沿岸水团盛行时,这种效应起主导作用。笔者将这种效应从广州的盐度效应中分离出来,称为陆架海的负值效应。     

藏南特提斯晚三叠世海岸风成沙丘的发现及其意义

通过近年来的研究,首次在聂拉木县土隆村上三叠统德日荣组中发现了海岸风成沙丘沉积。其风成证据有:(1)普遍具风成大型交错层理,倾角达20°～30°且倾向均一,交错纹层向上变薄,具反粒序,与下伏界面相切,层间界面多为高波痕指数(>15)波状风蚀起伏面。(2)见沙丘夹丘间沉积的基本层序。沙丘沉积单层厚2～6m,呈块状,结构松散。丘间沉积较薄,有时为透镜体,多为水道沉积,有些为具反粒序的风成沙席沉积。(3)沙丘砂由分选、磨圆好的石英砂组成,含量大于95%,具单众数粒度分布,无悬移质。(4)见角砾化前积层、牵引褶曲、倒转褶曲等常见的风成沙丘同沉积变形构造。(5)具有与水成砂岩完全不同的胶结特征。海岸风成沙丘的存在准确地标定了特提斯南岸的古海岸线位置、丰富了研究区的沉积类型,无疑对特提斯海的层序划分、海平面变化及其古地理演化研究具有一定意义。     

上海市南汇南滩近期演变特征分析

作者利用经验正交函数(EOF)方法分析了上海市南汇南滩近期冲淤特征，表现为随着时间的推移在空间上纵向与横向的两种波动.纵向上,南汇南滩的冲淤波动以类似行进波的形式向西传播,速率约为820m/a,波动幅度沿程递减,横向上,以水下斜波和海床的衔拉部位为节点,整个剖面以类似驻波的形式上下振动,节点上下出现相反的冲淤趋势,即上冲下淤或上淤下冲.水下斜波带冲淤幅度最大,滩地和海床相对要小.     

福建海岛草丛植被的等级聚合分类

福建海岛草丛植被是海岛的重要资源,植被调查是实现沿海地区经济发展战略的重要措施之一。本文用等级聚合分类把福建海岛22个样地的草丛植被分为10个类型。揭示了按优势种划分的各个类型之间的联系和区别,表明了群落样地中的种类组成与环境之间的关系。研究证明,等级聚合分类在草丛植被分类中是可行的。     

广西滨海旅游资源开发初探

该文概述了广西滨海旅游资源发展的现状，分析了其优势，提出了开发构想。     

河口海岸侵蚀研究进展

从岸滩侵蚀的过程和机理、侵蚀模式-模型、侵蚀管理和保护对策等三个方面介绍了国内外近10多年来河口海岸侵蚀研究的进展，并以典型事例分析了我国日益严峻的河口海岸侵蚀状况.在此基础上提出了深入开展我国河口海岸侵蚀研究的四点建议：加强对人为因素引起的侵蚀的研究；把岸与滩和岸与槽的侵蚀结合起来研究；高度重视三个大三角洲岸滩侵蚀研究；加强现场观测.     

磷酸盐在大连湾时空分布的数值模拟研究

大连湾由于接受附近大量的工业和生活废水造成海域严重污染．影响大连湾水质的主要污染物之一为总磷．为此应用数值模型对磷酸盐的时空分布进行了模拟研究．验证的模型结果较好地再现了磷酸盐的时空变化．模拟结果显示，在空间分布上，磷酸盐集中在排污口附近区域，最大值出现在15^#监测点上；随季节变化，在夏季磷酸盐浓度最低为0．011mg／L，4月份达到高峰值0．22mg／L．陆源废水排放位置是影响磷酸盐浓度空间分布的主要因素．由模型计算结果得出的磷酸盐时空变化规律有助于大连湾海岸区域水质污染防治．     

Coastal wetland in South China:Degradation trends,causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands’ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

我国近海面临的石油污染及其防治

随着我国石油进口量和海上运输量的逐年递增,我国的近海石油污染日益加剧.本文着重分析了我国近海石油污染加剧的背景和原因、海洋石油污染的危害以及防治海洋石油污染的方法与对策.